2015届北京市房山区周口店中学高三上期中英语试卷（带解析）

2024-09-21

| 期中考试

|

| 北京

第三方

其他

1. The Dangers of Secondhand Smoke
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases.    【小题1】   However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. However, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’s cigarettes. _【小题2】   The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health.     【小题3】    They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic (有毒的) chemicals in their bodies.   【小题4】   For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.
【小题5】   As a result, they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places.

A．Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.

B．As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not.

C．In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancer.

D．However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people, old or young.

E. People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke.
F. This smoke is called secondhand smoke.
G. Many people, including doctors, parents, teachers, and others, are concerned about the health risks of cigarette smoking.

单项选择*

1. I know a little bit about Italy as I _____ there several years ago.

A．went	B．had been
C．are going	D．have been

2. ---Is Johnson on duty today?
---It ________ be him, but I’m not sure.

A．will	B．may
C．need	D．must

3. Mary’s mother told her daughter not to spend too much time surfing the Internet, but ______ didn’t help.

4. The firefighters would not allow anyone______ into the room on fire to collect anything.

A．to go	B．going
C．gone	D．go

5. _______ the Water Cube, we were surprised by the design.

A．See	B．Saw
C．To see	D．Seeing

6. ---What do you think of the American singer Lady Gaga’s performance?
---Too crazy, but if I _____to her concerts held yesterday, I would have enjoyed it.

A．would go	B．went
C．had gone	D．should go

7. I won’t call you ________ something unexpected happens.

A．while	B．whether
C．because	D．unless

8. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

A．most of them	B．most of which
C．most of whom	D．all of those

9. He is writing a letter______ a pen that I have never seen before.

10. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.

A．That	B．What
C．How	D．Which

11. I don’t know ________ is in charge of English department.

12. ---Susan is so excited!
---Oh, yes! She is busy preparing for her trip to Africa that she _____ for years.

A．has been expecting	B．was expecting
C．had been expecting	D．would be expecting

13. ---Dad, can we move into our new house now?
---No, it _________. The decoration has not been finished yet.

A．was painted	B．is painting
C．is painted	D．is being painted

14. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ the electricity is cut off.

A．if	B．in case
C．unless	D．so that

15. By the end of Last year, we _____ more than 1,100,000 cars.

A．were producing	B．produced
C．had produced	D．would produce

完型填空

1. You Did More Than Carry My books
Mark was walking home from school one day when he noticed the boy ahead of him had dropped all of the books he was carrying, along with a baseball bat and several other things. Mark     down and helped the boy pick up these articles.    they were going the same way, he helped to carry some of them for him. As they walked, Mark    the boy’s name was Bill. He    video games, baseball and history, but he was having         with his other subjects and that he had just broken    with his girlfriend.
They arrived at Bill’s home first and Mark was    in for a Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed   with a few laughs and some shared small talk, and then Mark went home. They     to see each other around school, had lunch together once or twice, and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before    , Bill asked Mark if they   talk.
Bill    him of the day years ago when they had first met. “Do you  wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day?” asked Bill. “You see, I 4out my locker because I didn’t want to leave a mess   anyone else. I had planned to run away and I was going home to    my things. But after we spent some time together    and laughing, I realized that   I had done that, I would have   a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together. So you see, Mark, when you picked up my books that day, you did a lot more. You     my life.”

阅读理解

1. On Nov.18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.
Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight. It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.
After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand, but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.
At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed up to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!
【小题1】The metal box was used for ________.

A．carrying the bags of sand

B．keeping drinking-water

C．carrying ropes of the basket

D．changing weight

【小题2】The balloon landed ________.

A．in London	B．on the sea
C．on a lake	D．in a foreign country

【小题3】Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The three men started their journey before the sun rose.

B．The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.

C．When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.

D．The three men had to land because they felt cold.

2. Nelson Mandela is respected and admired across the world. And to South Africans he is a superstar. He is a hero who shocked the world by fighting for peace between races, despite the 27 years he spent in the prison of the South Africa’s white, racist regime(政权).
Mandela who won the nation’s first all-race elections after the fall of apartheid (种族隔离) in 1994, retired 1999.
But he remains as popular as ever.
“He’s loved by all people, whether you’re white or black, whether you’re young or old,” said Ali Bacher, South
Africa’s former cricket (板球) chief.
His popularity has inspired an entire national industry. His portrait(肖像) has appeared at many places, including
on some goods. His face has appeared on a South African coin, a metropolitan area was named in his honour and
some business leaders hope to build a massive, rotating statue in his likeness --- the Statue of Freedom. It would
stand taller than New York’s Statue of Liberty.
His popular appeal is similar to that of John F. Kennedy with US or Winston Churchill in Britain, but few
politicians in this times have achieved his level of admiration, said Tom Lodge, head of the political science
department of the University of the Witwatersrand.
“Sometimes it isn’t completely appreciated what a skilled performer Mandela has been throughout his political
career. He’s a very, very clever man.” However, he is far from perfect.
Most articles for his birthday, which appeared in every major South African newspaper on the day, brief
mentioned that Mandela did have his shortcomings.
Then they returned to their flowing praises.
“Through the ages, the human race has had its icons (偶像) --- men and women who rose above ordinary people
to inspire their generations,” The Mail and Guardian Weekly said. “In our generation, the gods presented us Nelson
Mandela.”
【小题1】Nelson Mandela is loved by all the people of South Africa because _____.

A．he’s as popular as Kennedy and Churchill

B．he spent 27 in prison

C．he’s a great fighter against the racialism

D．he’s the first all-race elections president

【小题2】Which of the following statements about Mandela’s portrait is true?

A．It helps develop business.

B．It appears on the Statue of Freedom.

C．It is used to raise money for the Statue of Freedom.

D．It is similar to that of John F. Kennedy or Winston Churchill.

【小题3】The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________.”

A．Mandela is as great as a god

B．We are proud to live in Mandela’s time

C．Mandela lives together with us all

D．We are proud to know Mandela

【小题4】What can we infer from the text?

A．Mandela is very skilled politician.

B．Most articles specially stressed Mandela’s shortcomings.

C．The Statue of Freedom is a present for Mandela’s birthday.

D．The article may have appeared in a newspaper on Mandela’s birthday.

3. Did you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the latter, the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexes.
It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.
There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial（空间的） tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for direction and women often need to!
The differences begin when fetuses（胎儿） are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.
If all this disappoints you, it shouldn’t. “The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it.” says a biologist.
【小题1】The passage mainly tells us ________.

A．the difference between men’s and women’s brains

B．the changes in brain throughout our lives

C．that men are better at spatial tasks

D．that brain differences are related to our ancestors

【小题2】Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?

A．Women’s grey matter is 10% less than men’s.

B．Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.

C．Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.

D．Both sexes have the same amount of white matter.

【小题3】Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?

A．Young boys may be stronger than young girls.

B．More women take up jobs requiring speech skills.

C．Women may have stronger feelings than men.

D．Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.

【小题4】What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?

A．Defensive.	B．Persuasive.
C．Supportive.	D．Objective.

4. Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably(必然地) associated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it's calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product（GDP）. Before growth is calculated, inflation （通货膨胀） is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.Theyalso lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable（必然的，不可避免的）. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows' natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.
【小题1】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Pollution caused by plant construction

B．Effects of windmills on the environment

C．Economic growth and human civilization

D．Economic growth and environmental damage

【小题2】What does the underlined word "They" in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Goods and products	B．The industrial plants
C．Water and atmosphere	D．Negative health effects

【小题3】According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ____.

A．economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B．use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C．industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D．a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

书面表达

1. 假设你是育才中学学生会主席李华。你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛（speech contest），希望附近某大学的外籍教师Smith女士来做评委。请参照以下比赛通知给她写一封信。
英语演讲比赛
主题：人与自然
时间：6月15日下午2：00－5：00
地点：501教室
参赛选手：10名学生
联系人：李华（电话44876655）
注意：
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Ms. Smith,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

2. 某中学生英语报举行征文活动，征文主题为--Teachers’ Day。假设你是图片中班长李华，你们高二（3）班召开了班会商讨如何庆祝教师节。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍教师节前后你和同学们做的事，写一篇文章向该报投稿，开头已经为你写出。
注意：词数不少于60。

Teachers’ Day
September 10^th is known as Teachers’ Day in China. Our teachers have devoted themselves to teaching us, so we decided to do something for them.
_____________________________________________________________________
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