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The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important — is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency，whichinstead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’ explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher, ‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’ In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information, it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈） facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals’ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted —whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.
Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
【小题1】As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
A．zero-carbon homes
B．the behaviour of building users
C．sustainable building design
D．the reduction of carbon emissions
【小题2】The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________.”
A．the waysB．their homes
C．developmentsD．existing efforts
【小题3】What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?
A．The importance of changing building users’ habits.
B．The necessity of making a careful building design.
C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
【小题4】The information gap in energy use _______.
A．can be bridged by feedback facilities
B．affects the study on energy monitors
C．brings about problems for smart meters
D．will be caused by building users’ old habits
【小题5】What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
A．The social science research is to be furthered.
B．The education programme is under discussion.
C．The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D．The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
答案：【小题1】B
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】A
【小题5】C
试题分析：这是一篇科学叙述文，主要叙述来自UKERC的最新研究：房屋使用者对能源使用起着重要影响及介绍研究的内容。
【小题1】B.细节理解题。本题问关于能源使用，UKERC的新研究强调了什么的重要性。定位到第一段第一句“The behavior of a building’s users…important…when it comes to energy use.”当提及能源使用，房屋使用者的行为至少和房屋的设计一样重要。由此可知选B。
【小题2】D.考查定语从句先行词指代的意思。此句是个非限制性定语从句，由which引导的定语从句意思“which反而关注建筑和科技的进步”可知which指代前句中的“existing efforts”故选D。
【小题3】A.推理题。考查考生对文中特殊句子的理解。本题问Katy Janda话的主要表达什么。根据Katy Janda定位到第三段，“Technology is going to assist but is not going to do everything，（科技打算帮助可它并不能做每件事）consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.（房屋使用者的消费形式可以打败最细心的设计）”。可知选A选项（改变房屋使用者的习惯的重要性）。
【小题4】A.细节理解题。由“information gap”定位到文中第四段第四行，由“Feedback facilities could help bridge this information gap ”可知A选项正确。bridge information gap意为“填平信息鸿沟”
【小题5】C.推理题。考查考生对语意理解。本题问被社会科学研究加入的方面表明了什么。结合文中第五段首句“suggesting that individuals’ behavior in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted”可知个人在家的行为不可预知。可知D选项正确。
考点:考查考生对科学研究报告内容的信息提取能力。
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